Choosing the Right Colors

Consider some of these facts before you decide:

1) Yellow, orange and red are very warm colors and will advance toward you. They will make objects appear closer than they are in reality. They are good for very large rooms where you want to make the room appear more intimate.

2) Violet, blue and green are generally cool colors and will do just the opposite. They will recede from you and make it look as if they are further away than they really are. These are good choices in very small rooms, like bathrooms, where you want the room to appear larger than it is.

3) Since kitchens are commonly very warm when it comes to room temperature, cool colors in this room will help to neutralize that warmth.

When You're Not Sure What Color Will Work Best

1) Gather all the swatches and samples you wish to consider and bring them home.

2) Take the samples to the room under consideration and view them in the lighting conditions of the room, both during the day and at night. This is important because of a phenomenon called "metamerism". Colors will appear to "change" depending on the type of light source they are seen under. If you look at carpeting, for example, in a showroom lit6 by cool fluorescent lights, and you bring the sample home and view it under warm incandescent lights, you very may find the color appears to have changed.  Cool lights are notorious for sucking the life out of beige colors, for instance.

And it's not just whether you use incandescent vs. fluorescent lighting. Other factors that will influence your colors are: the time of day (morning, noon, late afternoon); the direction of natural light (north, south, east, west); the weather and season (summer, sunny, winter, overcast, rainy, snowy). Other factors include: color processes, color classes and color-matching processes between manufacturers.

Colors most likely to have a metameric problem are: tan, grays, taupe, lilac, mauve, blue/gray and celadon. 

4) Reflected light, say from large colored surfaces such as walls, ceilings, and floors can also change the way a color looks. If you doubt this, select one of your paint samples and put in the middle of a table. Place another sample right next to it.  Does the first color appear different?  How about the second color?  Now change the second color or a third color.  Has the first color changed?  How about the third color?

3) Frustrated by the small size of your sample and not sure how it will look en masse on a wall?  An easy way to get a better feeling: Hold the sample up close to one eye so that it "covers" the wall you are considering.  Keep both eyes open as you now look past the sample and at the wall.  The eye with the sample in front of it will see just the sample. The other eye will see the wall and the room.  The sample will appear to "fill" the wall and you'll get an immediate feeling for what it will look like once you have covered a wall with it.  This should help you make your final decision.

Finally, the only sure way to go, particularly with paint choices, is to purchase a small can of your final choice.  Apply a brush out to a large area of the wall.  To avoid color surprises, this is the only really safe way to preview interior or exterior paint colors.

Hue

Hue is a word often used in the same way as the word "color", but it actually is the distinguishing difference between colors. Hue is the redness of red, the greenness of green, the blueness of blue. Hues are pure and undiluted colors. The three primary colors are red, blue and yellow. It's the mixtures of these three colors that produce every other color. Secondary colors are green, violet and orange.

There are hundreds of different hues and millions of variations of each hue, all which can be detected by the human eye. 

Change a hue or create a new one by combining neighboring hues. For instance, when you combine blue and violet, you get blue-violet.

Create harmony or contrast by the way you combine hues. Create harmony and restfulness with combinations that are next to each other on the color wheel. Place yellow next to violet to create contrast and excitement.

Use hues to create the effect of the desired temperature in your home 

Quirks of the Color Quest

We all know that consumers demand novelty. The marketing mantra, "Today’s sensation is tomorrow’s blank stare," sums up the ebb and flow of color trends. The turn of the millennium has intensified the quest for a color or colors to mark this momentous point in time. In the meantime, everyone is already trying to pinpoint the next hot new color. These may well be two different quests. Nevertheless, whether it’s the millennium color, the emerging color for the decade, or the color for 2001, any new color or colors are not only going to get the consumer to pay attention, but to pay a good price as well.

We need to remember that several important factors affect the selection and application of any "new" color in advertising (or any other visual communications medium, for that matter): The product or service, the target audience, and the communications medium itself. Steely blues may seduce in a Cartier ad in Town & Country or an Audi TV spot. A pungent orange of the Banana Republic ad may jolt in Wallpaper and at the Luhring Augustine Gallery web site. Still lurking in the shadows are the bittersweet temptations of the avocado green used by Razorfish in its Red Herring ad and lime-tinted tequila commercials.

When "cutting edge" colors are applied to the actual product, we’ll find that the life expectancy of the object plays a significant role. Most of us may impulsively buy a lime green t-shirt, yet decide not to invest in the new Volkswagen beetle in any such trendy shade. What may be a runaway success in fashion may not apply to cars or interior furnishings.

Now that the Internet has become a significant medium for advertising, "trendy" colors are even more problematic on a global level. A good case in point is the emergence of purple in the States during the 80s. By the end of that decade and through the early 90s, the color has made its way into virtually all industries, from music ("Purple rain" by the artist then known as Prince) to filmmaking ("The color purple") and fashion, not to mention visual arts. Even the car makers have joined the parade, with purple being one of the colors of macho trucks manufactured by Ford around 1995. Yet, certain shades of purple have always been powerfully aligned with death and morbidity in Catholic Europe. Although in recent years, some of these negative connotations have been shed, and the color has slowly gained new associations with fun and cheerfulness in American culture, thousand-year-old traditions of other countries are not easy to overcome.

All things considered, color trends are a complex issue, one which is not easily defined by simple color predictions. Efforts to pinpoint the "magic" color or color family usually rely upon other lifestyle influences, such as television, films, music, magazines, social issues, contemporary events, and a multitude of other sources. Now that the Web has exponentially increased this visual bombardment, we see more images and colors than ever before. It’s likely that this trend is going to continue at a rapid pace.

Amidst this present frenzy, it would be wise to cautiously review the history of recent color trends in the hopes of finding some clues for our present quest. For one, America’s fascination with green during the early 90s has given birth to the popularity of yellow-green in the middle of the decade. For the past 5 years, avocado and acidic lime greens have permeated the visual landscape in the US. From magazine ads to websites, shades of yellow-green have been the prescription for an attention-grabbing look. Today, a trip to the Gap or Neiman Marcus easily confirms that these colors are still alive and well in the world of fashion. Is anyone not offering a t-shirt in some shade of yellow-green this year?

Historically, shades of yellow-green first became popular during the "green, gold, and copper" refrigerator days of the 60s and early 70s. Ironically, an avocado refrigerator since became a symbol of a horrendous lapse in what some refer to as "taste." Perhaps it was the flood of appliances and day-glo hippie posters that did it, or maybe it was color trend burn-out, but finding a shirt or bath towel in this color was almost impossible in the 80s. Nevertheless, by 1995, yellow-based greens were infiltrating the visual landscape again. Advances in textiles and dyes made brilliant lime a staple in the fashion industry, thus fulfilling the standard that a color can be reinvented in exciting new ways. Other variations — the resurrected avocado and olive green — were new again, at least in terms of the collective consciousness of a youth-oriented American culture.

That is precisely why orange may very well be moving into the forefront of the color parade. Therefore, one might say that Clue #1 is "The shock of the new." Find a color that hasn’t put in a tour of duty during the past 20 years and/or zap it with a new look, and chances are excellent that it has the potential to succeed as an attention-getting color.

Interestingly, prior to the recent avocado/lime green rage, most people intuitively felt that these were "sickly" colors and avoided them. They were right. In fact, they had been known to induce nausea and were — and remain — banned from aircraft interiors. Any sailor would tell you to avoid shades of yellow green.

As we turned our sights to orange, substantial research (including the data gathered at The Global Color Survey at www.colormatters.com and the Pantone Consumer Color Preference Study® dated June 1996) documented that orange is one of Americans’ least favorite colors. (It’s interesting to note that orange was always a favorite color in the Netherlands, for the precise reason that the country’s ruling monarchy is the House of Orange.) In 1991, Forbes called attention to orange’s mundane associations in its December 23 article, "Does orange mean cheap?" Yes, it does. (EDITOR'S NOTE: However, orange is one of the "hot" colors of 2002-03.  I would use it sparingly, however.)

In sum, the States are now looking at an unpopular cheap color coming on the heels of a sickly acid hue. Hence, clue #2 is: "It’s so bad, it’s good."

Psychologically, the "anti-aesthetic" colors may well capture more attention than those on the aesthetically-correct list. History clearly demonstrates that this has been a prevalent trend in art since the turn of the 20th century, when Dada’s urinals and snow shovels put an end to the era of Matisse and French Impressionism.

But what about the rest of the spectrum? There is a substantial mass of humanity who make educated and, more importantly, individual taste judgments about color. That is precisely why we should consider the fact that we are becoming more diversified as we expand our consciousness in this new millennium. The quest for a singular color or emerging colors is something we love to talk about, but few of us practice it in real life.

Yet, there is no question that color will continue to communicate on a subliminal level. A metallic blue Mitsubishi TV spot and an orange Polo ad in Fortune are guaranteed to pack punch. Hold on to your wallets.

©2000 Jill Morton (Used by permission)

About the author: Jill Morton is an internationally-recognized color consultant whose clientele includes industry giants Nokia and Kodak. Publications such as Fortune, Entrepreneur and Metropolis have all sought her editorial commentary about the red-hot “scientific art” of color. Before the arrival of the Internet, Jill served as faculty at the University of Hawaii School of Architecture, Chaminade University, and Matsuda Technology Center. In addition to maintaining an incredible online resource for color information, she is the author of, a series of books about color theory and symbolism.

Selecting Your Style

Do you have a specific style that you're decorating in? Not sure?  Let me help you break it down into easy segments. What do you really want in your home?  Here's a check list to help you define your personal style and that of your family: